The evolution of domestic species is closely linked to that of the human societies in which they live. More specifically, the morphology of domestic species is influenced by local husbandry practices, and environmental and socio-economic contexts. The morphometric tools now available make it possible to analyse the variation in size and shape of skeletal remains from past populations with a degree of precision not previously envisaged. This detailed analysis of morphological variation allows us to – better understand the distinction between wild and domesticated populations, and thus human selection pressures; – to analyse in more detail the temporal and spatial variation in domesticated populations, – which can be contrasted with local environmental and socio-economic contexts; and, ultimately better understand the long-term human-plant-animal relationships. Two projects will be presented, one on the domestication of the dog covering the last 50,000 years, the other on the evolution of domestic species in the north-western Mediterranean basin over the last 8 millennia (ERC-funded DEMETER project).