After the Roman army conquered the region of the central Balkans in the 1st century AD, the military forts were built along the Danube, and the territory was greatly urbanized, and it witnessed economic prosperity, but also periods of crises, and transformations in material culture. Invasions of the Germanic tribes and the Huns in the course of the 4th and 5th centuries AD brought to destruction and ruralisation of once-powerful Roman fortifications and towns. The development of zooarchaeology in Serbia in the last 15 years, with the number of pre-Roman, Roman, and late-Roman analyzed faunal collections, enabled a better understanding of changes in the economy throughout the Roman period. The studies that deal with meat provisioning, livestock management and other aspects of human-animal interactions gave new insights into past societies, while on the other hand, they are opening new questions related to animal welfare and conservational efforts of currently endangered animal species.  This talk will bring together data on animal remains from pre-roman, Roman and late Roman sites in the Central Balkans, with an emphasis on changes in livestock management (i.e. improvements of domestic animals), and differences in dietary practices between periods and site types. It will also tackle new research themes related to wild animal remains from the Roman sites in the Central Balkans that show how zooarchaeology meets current biodiversity issues, which might be particularly interesting for the REBANHOS initiative and ideas.